Blood collection under the dura, known as a subdural hematoma, can be caused by multiple factors. The correct answer to this question is option 4) All of the above.
Here's an explanation of each choice:
1) Tearing of bridging veins: The dura mater is a tough, fibrous layer that surrounds the brain. Bridging veins pass through this layer to drain blood from the brain. When these veins tear, it can result in bleeding and blood collection under the dura.
2) Injury to the brain surface: Any trauma or injury to the brain surface can lead to bleeding, which can accumulate under the dura and cause a subdural hematoma.
3) Bleeding from cortical vessels: The cortex is the outer layer of the brain, and it contains numerous blood vessels. If there is bleeding from these vessels, blood can accumulate beneath the dura.
In summary, blood collection under the dura can be caused by tearing of bridging veins, injury to the brain surface, or bleeding from cortical vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is option 4) All of the above.
