Answer :
Regulation typically addresses the issue of natural monopolies by implementing measures to prevent abuse of market power and ensure fair competition in the market. Here's how regulation can tackle natural monopolies:
1. **Price Regulation**: Regulators can set price caps or price limits to prevent natural monopolies from charging excessive prices to consumers due to their dominance in the market.
2. **Access Regulation**: This involves mandating that natural monopolies provide access to their infrastructure or services to other competitors at a fair and reasonable rate. This allows for increased competition and prevents the monopoly from excluding other players from the market.
3. **Quality of Service Regulation**: Regulators may enforce quality standards to ensure that the natural monopoly delivers a certain level of service or product quality to consumers, preventing them from exploiting their market power to provide subpar offerings.
4. **Profit Regulation**: Regulators may impose profit controls or revenue caps on natural monopolies to limit their ability to earn excessive profits at the expense of consumers.
5. **Monopoly Breakup**: In some cases, regulators may opt to break up a natural monopoly into smaller competing entities to promote competition and prevent monopolistic practices.
By implementing these regulatory measures, authorities aim to balance the need for natural monopolies to operate efficiently with the goal of protecting consumer interests and promoting a competitive market environment.
