Calvin cycle is the second phase of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma of chloroplast of plant cells. It is a light-independent cycle as it does not directly dependent on light. Calvin cycle is completed in 3 steps such as carbon fixation, reduction of ATP and NADPH and regeneration of glucose-3-phosphate molecules. All these steps involved in the Calvin cycle leads to the formation of sugar and regenaration of RuBP and PGAL. Thus, the last step of Calvin cycle is carbon fixation.
