1. C. Crabeater, Wedded, Ross and Leopard seals. These species of seals are what one may term as "ice-habitat specialists." During the springtime, they breed on ice. Also, due to this behavior, studying these seals is ore difficult because they breed on ice in different locations each time.
2. Sea ice is frozen sea or ocean water. It forms, it grows and then it melts into the ocean seasonally. Sea ice forms in both Antarctica and in the Arctic. So your answer would be: C. Sea ice
3. The ocean absorbs a lot of heat. Because of this, atmospheric changes are greatly affected by it and in turn the climate as well. When heat is stored in the ocean over months to years, it slowly releases the heat it stores into the atmosphere. So your answer is: B. Heat Capacity.
4. Upwelling occurs when wind pushes water on the surface which clears the way for cold water to rise up. While the water rises up, it brings up more nutrients from beneath the ocean along with it. This in turn increases the number of organisms in an area. Your answer is: C. More nutrients from the bottom.
5. El Niño and La Niña refers to a change in ocean atmosphere climate or the fluctuation in temperature between the atmosphere and ocean. They are phases of ENSO or El Niño -Southern Southern Oscillation Cycle. El Niño is referred to as the warm phase and La Niña is referred to the cold phase. The effects of both vary though in different locations, but their effects are opposite of each other.
The answer to the next question shows the difference in temperatures of the sea surface during these periods.
6. During La Niña, the sea surface temperatures is lower than normal in the Eastern Pacific. When El Niño comes rolling by, the sea surface temperature is greater than normal in the Eastern Pacific. So your answer would be D.
7. Using short and distinctive names for hurricanes was found to be less cumbersome than using latitude-longitude identification. In addition, when two or more hurricanes form within the same area, it is less confusing because using names would make it easier to identify which is which.
8. Penguins, whales, seals, squids and fish eat krill. However, the Leopard Seal does not rely on Krill. They prey on penguins and young seals for the most part. They turn to krill when these prey are not in season. The answer then is B.
9. Krill is the preferred choice of food for Adelie Penguins but when krill becomes scarce they turn to fish and squid. During breading season, fish is more abundant, and when winter comes, squid population rises. The answer to your question would then be, A.
10. Fat reserves is the main way Penguins stay warm. Penguins also have overlapping feathers that act as a water-proof coat which help them swim and keep warm. Another way they stay warm is they huddle together or stay together in groups. The answer to your question would then be, A.
11. Krill is one of the main source of food for Penguins and also for the Baleen whales. The over-hunting of Baleen whales contributed to the population of penguins because the penguins' competition for Krill decreased. This means that there's more food supply for penguins. In short, less whales=more krill=more penguins.
